Fig. 5

STAT1/IRF1, iNOS, and NF-κB/ERK1/2 activation was attenuated by Fluda in RAW264.7 cells. A pSTAT1 (Tyr701), pSTAT1 (Ser727), IRF1, and STAT1 were detected in RAW264.7 cells. STAT1 and β-actin were used as loading controls. Densitometric ratios of pSTAT1 (Tyr701) and pSTAT1 (Ser727) against STAT1 and that of IRF1 against β-actin. B Relative Nos2 expression in RAW264.7 cells was measured using real-time PCR. C Western blotting for iNOS expression. Densitometric ratio of iNOS against β-actin. D NO release was determined by measuring the amount of nitrite in conditioned medium using Griess reagent. E IL-6 and (F) TNF-α levels in conditioned medium were detected using ELISA. G Western blotting for p-NF-κB (Ser536), p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2, and p-p38. Total NF-κB, total JNK1/2, total ERK1/2, total p38, and β-actin were used as loading controls. All blots were subjected to densitometric analysis and relative quantification. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared with the control group. †p < 0.05, ††p < 0.01, and †††p < 0.001 compared with the LPS group. ns: not significant